Waxy Monkey Tree Frog

Painted Waxy Monkey Frog

Phyllomedusa sauvagei

Description

Waxy monkey tree frogs are relatively large members of the Phyllomedusine family (or subfamily depending on which taxonomic classification you use). They are lime to bright green with a white line laterally and white markings on their underbelly. They are a rotund species and grow to a length of around 4 inches (between 10-11 centimeters). They are called ‘monkey’ tree frogs due to their apparent preference for very deliberate walking as opposed to the characteristic hopping or jumping displayed by most frogs. Waxy monkey tree frogs are unusual in that they excrete a waxy substance (lipids) from their skin which they then rub on their body to prevent water loss. Once the frogs have covered themselves in this “wax” they reduce their evaporative water loss to a percentage comparable to that of desert-adapted lizards. Waxy monkey tree frogs further reduce water loss by excreting their uric acid (basically, the nitrogen compound of urine) in a semi-solid form, allowing them to reabsorb water through the walls of their bladder. They have a lifespan in excess of 6 years, with 10-15 being quite possible.

Natural Habitat

Waxy monkey tree frogs are native to the Chacoan region of southeast Bolivia, northwest Argentina and a large portion of Paraguay. The Chacoan region is divided into two ecosystems—a warm temperate dry forest and a warm temperate moist forest. Within this region, waxy monkey tree frogs are found almost exclusively in the warm temperate dry forest. With a few minor exceptions, this habitat is similar to that of the chaparral of the American southwest. Within this habitat waxy monkey tree frogs spend most of their daylight hours perched on the branches of shrubs in a semi-torpid state. Despite the fact that these perches expose them to hot, dry winds, the frogs’ unique waxy covering protects them from desiccation. At night they descend and circumnavigate their shrub(s) in search of prey, only to return to their perch after feeding.

Artificial Habitat

The most important requirement for keeping waxy monkey tree frogs is a low relative humidity. Contrary to popular conceptions about frogs, waxy monkey tree frogs are happiest in a hot, dry environment. An ideal situation would provide many branches and perches, a basking spot and a shallow water dish in an enclosure that is taller than it is wide. Temperatures should reach the mid to high nineties during the day, but cool off at night, thus mimicking their natural environment. A regular incandescent bulb above some branches where the frogs can perch will provide the proper heat. Make sure the bulb is large enough to heat the perching spot to 95-100 degrees Fahrenheit, but that it is not so hot as to heat the whole cage--thus creating a temperature gradient. The light should be shut off at night or placed on a timer to provide a 10-hour photoperiod.

Another important factor in maintaining low humidity is adequate ventilation. When choosing an enclosure, look for one with a large screen area for as much ventilation as possible. Never spray or mist waxy monkey tree frogs, as too much moisture can be detrimental and can lead to illness. Keep them as dry as possible, but provide them with a shallow water dish with clean water at all times. They will get all the moisture they need this way.

Diet

Waxy monkey tree frogs are insectivores and eat most types of bugs. In captivity crickets, earthworms, moths and flies are good sources of food. As with most captive-kept frog species food items should be dusted with a vitamin and mineral supplement to ensure adequate nutrition. Like most frogs, waxy monkey tree frogs are nocturnal and therefore feed primarily at night. Although they will spend the majority of the day perched upon branches, they will descend at night to feed upon insects at the base of their enclosure. Despite appearing somewhat slow and methodical, waxy monkey tree frogs are voracious eaters and adults can easily eat a half dozen full-grown crickets 4-5 times a week.

Caveats

Waxy monkey tree frogs, like most frogs, are susceptible to stress. It has been our experience that once they have become acclimated to their captive environment they are quite a robust species. That being said, when first introduced into an enclosure they should be allowed to assimilate for a day or two before handling, and even at that point handling should be kept at a minimum. If you obtain wild-caught individuals this assimilation period should be extended until the frogs have begun to eat regularly. If you choose to handle your frogs your movements should be slow and the frogs should be allowed to “walk” on your hands as opposed to being gripped or restrained in any fashion. By allowing the frogs some movement they are less likely to equate you with a predator and are less likely to become unnecessarily stressed.